The Weekly Brief

Indian Country news for Patty Loew

Indian Nations of Wisconsin · Chapter 4

The Ho-Chunk Nation

Pages 40-53 · Second edition (2013); third edition in progress

Tribal traditions, removal and return, Black Hawk's War, the Cranberry People and migrant labor, Tomah Indian Industrial School and assimilation, contemporary Ho-Chunk Nation governance. (Also Patty's grandfather Edward DeNomie's boarding school.)

What's changed since publication

Curated developments to fold into a future revision. Each item is tagged so a third-edition rewrite can pull related brief coverage automatically.

This chapter's themes

Brief coverage tagged to this chapter

Stories from The Weekly Brief tagged with any of this chapter's themes, most recent first. Each new issue's tagged stories appear here automatically.

Issue 014 · August 9, 2026

Stockbridge-Munsee Welcomes Home Repatriated Belongings of Sachems John and Austin Quinney

On August 5th, the Stockbridge-Munsee Community celebrated the return of twenty-five cultural items belonging to Sachems John and Austin Quinney, repatriated from the Smithsonian National Museum of American History and timed to coincide with the 2026 Language and Culture Camp. John Quinney's 1854 Fourth of July address, reprinted in full in the Mohican News this same week (candidate 32), remains one of the most piercing critiques of American democracy ever delivered on American soil. Bringing his belongings home to the community that has kept his memory alive is the kind of act that the Seventh Generation principle was made for.

Issue 013 · August 2, 2026

NARF: Wearing a 'Native Vote' Shirt to the Polls Is Legal, Despite Past Harassment

With Wisconsin's August primary approaching, NARF issued a clear reminder this week: "Native Vote" shirts are nonpartisan and are generally permitted at polling places, even though some Native voters have been wrongly turned away for wearing them in past elections. The guidance is practical and timely for tribal members in northern Wisconsin counties where poll workers have historically been unfamiliar with Native voting rights. NARF notes that rules vary by state, so tribal election offices should verify local guidance before August 11.

Issue 012 · July 26, 2026

Kentucky Landowner Races to Preserve the 200-Year-Old Choctaw Academy Dormitory Before It Falls

A private landowner in Kentucky is working to stabilize and restore the last standing structure of the Choctaw Academy, a 19th-century federal boarding school that enrolled hundreds of Native boys from across the continent. ICT's coverage frames the preservation effort as urgent: the building is deteriorating, and the landowner has made it a personal mission to save it before it collapses. The Choctaw Academy is a boarding school history site that predates the better-known federal system, and its physical preservation is a form of truth-telling. This belongs in the brief's boarding school beat.

Issue 012 · July 26, 2026

Bears Ears Slashed by 90 Percent, Ending the First Tribal Land Commission of Its Kind

A presidential proclamation this week reduced Bears Ears National Monument by roughly 90 percent, eliminating nearly three million acres of protected land and dissolving the first-of-its-kind tribal land commission that had been managing the monument in partnership with the Hopi, Navajo Nation, Ute Mountain Ute, and Pueblo of Zuni. High Country News reports that the commission's dissolution was not incidental but written into the proclamation itself, ending an experiment in co-management that tribal leaders had called a model. The NARF update (candidate 22) provides the legal response. The Seventh Generation principle is not a slogan here; it is the precise frame the affected nations are using.

Issue 012 · July 26, 2026

NARF: Trump Administration Continues Attacks on Tribal Homelands at Bears Ears

NARF's update on Bears Ears documents the legal response from the Hopi Tribe, Navajo Nation, Ute Mountain Ute, and Pueblo of Zuni to the monument's dramatic reduction, framing it as part of a pattern of federal action that violates tribal consultation requirements and treaty trust responsibilities. Read alongside the High Country News piece (candidate 179) for the full picture. NARF is the right first source here.

Issue 011 · July 19, 2026

Gerald L. Ignace Indian Health Center Holds Grief Vigil for Milwaukee's Urban Native Community

The Gerald L. Ignace Indian Health Center in Milwaukee gathered urban Indigenous community members for a grief vigil, Wisconsin Watch reports, offering a space for remembrance that the city's Native residents rarely find in mainstream institutions. The center, named for a Ho-Chunk leader, has long been a hub for Milwaukee's pan-tribal community, and this vigil reflects the kind of community-sustaining work that rarely makes headlines outside Native publications. For the urban Indians section of any future edition, this is the texture of what the relocation-era institutions have become: not just health clinics, but places of ceremony and belonging.

Issue 011 · July 19, 2026

White House 'Saving America's Story' Report Attacks NMAI Exhibits: Indian Country Responds

A White House report titled Saving America's Story has drawn sharp backlash across Indian Country for claiming that the National Museum of the American Indian promotes what it calls anti-American narratives, Native Sun News reports. The attack on NMAI is part of the same ideological campaign that has targeted the Smithsonian broadly, but it carries a specific sting for Indigenous communities whose histories and material culture the museum was built to honor and protect. The irony of a government that has spent two centuries suppressing Native history now claiming to defend American history from Native perspectives is not lost on anyone in Indian Country.

Issue 011 · July 19, 2026

Wisconsin Supreme Court Rules on Menominee Land Buyback: What the Decision Means

WPR's explainer on the Wisconsin Supreme Court's ruling regarding Menominee land buyback is essential context for anyone tracking tribal land reacquisition in the state. The Menominee's effort to restore their land base has been one of the defining legal and political struggles of the past generation, and a Supreme Court ruling touching that question belongs in the brief and in the chapter Workshop. The full text of the decision and its practical implications for the tribe's land holdings are worth a closer read before the next edition goes to press.

Issue 010 · July 12, 2026

Theodore Roosevelt's Racist Rhetoric Complicates His Legacy, and the Native Consultants Who Shaped His New Presidential Library Insisted on Saying So

ICT's piece on the Theodore Roosevelt Presidential Library in North Dakota is the week's most rewarding long read for Patty's purposes. Native Americans who consulted on the library's development pushed for Indigenous history to be amplified within it, a negotiation that required confronting Roosevelt's documented racism toward Native peoples directly. The piece sits at the intersection of public history, tribal sovereignty over narrative, and the ongoing fight over whose story gets told in federally funded institutions. That last thread connects directly to the NMAI controversy this week: the White House wants to sanitize the Smithsonian at the same moment Native consultants in North Dakota were insisting that a presidential library tell the truth. Read these two together and the week's cultural stakes come into focus.

Issue 008 · June 28, 2026

ICT Newscast: Ho-Chunk Land Return, Boarding School Healing, and a Tribal Microgrid

This week's ICT Newscast packages three significant Indian Country developments: a Ho-Chunk land return, a boarding school healing initiative, and a tribal microgrid project. The Ho-Chunk land return is the Wisconsin thread worth pulling, and the microgrid story points toward the energy-sovereignty work tribes are doing independent of federal infrastructure programs. The newscast format is a useful index when the underlying stories haven't yet been reported individually.

Issue 008 · June 28, 2026

Boarding School Oral History Project Concludes Its National Tour in Tulsa

The nationwide tour to document first-hand accounts from Indian boarding school survivors is wrapping up in Tulsa, marking the close of a multi-year effort to build an archive of living memory before it is lost. ICT's report is brief, but the underlying project is significant: survivor testimony is the evidentiary foundation for any future federal reckoning, and its preservation is exactly the kind of truth-and-healing work that the boarding school investigation has called for. The conclusion of the tour is a milestone worth noting in any updated chapter treatment of the boarding school era.

Issue 006 · June 14, 2026

Wisconsin's Tribal Regalia Graduation Law Takes Effect, Protecting Native Students' Right to Honor Their Heritage at Commencement

Governor Evers signed Assembly Bill 98 into law as 2025 Wisconsin Act 222, guaranteeing that Native students who are tribal members, descendants, or eligible for membership may wear traditional regalia at graduation ceremonies across the state. The Oneida Nation's Kalihwisaks covered the milestone with the kind of community-level specificity that mainstream outlets missed. This is the sort of policy win that took years of advocacy by tribal education directors and families who were told, year after year, that a mortarboard was the only acceptable headgear. It belongs in the record alongside Act 31 as a marker of how Wisconsin's relationship with its Native nations continues to evolve.

Issue 006 · June 14, 2026

Tribal Leaders Remind Washington of the Federal Trust Responsibility as Agency Support Wavers

ICT's report on tribal leaders calling for sovereignty as federal support wavers is a useful document of the current moment: the federal government has legal obligations to tribal nations that do not disappear when a new administration decides to cut agency budgets. The piece is careful to distinguish between political discretion and treaty-based legal duty, which is the distinction that matters. Worth keeping as a reference point as the 2027 budget cycle approaches.

Issue 006 · June 14, 2026

Deb Haaland Wins New Mexico Democratic Gubernatorial Primary in Another Historic First

Deb Haaland, Laguna Pueblo, secured the Democratic nomination for governor of New Mexico on Tuesday, becoming the first Native woman to win a major-party gubernatorial primary in the state. Native Sun News covered the win with the weight it deserves. Haaland's trajectory from the first Native woman confirmed as a cabinet secretary to a gubernatorial candidate represents a shift in what Native political leadership looks like at the highest levels, and it is a story that will matter to every Wisconsin nation watching how sovereignty translates into electoral power.

Issue 006 · June 14, 2026

Buffalo Fire's Press Freedom Series: How Native Radio Stations Can Strengthen Their Independence and Serve Their Communities

The second installment of Buffalo Fire's press freedom series looks at Native radio stations as community infrastructure, examining how they can build editorial independence, sustain themselves financially, and serve as information anchors for communities that mainstream media has long ignored or misrepresented. The piece pairs institutional analysis with specific examples of stations that have found ways to stay independent, and it connects to the broader question of what a healthy Native media ecosystem looks like in a moment when federal support for public media is under pressure. Buffalo Fire is doing some of the most careful thinking in Indigenous journalism right now, and this series is worth reading in full. For Patty, whose Tribal Youth Media work has always been premised on the idea that Native communities need to tell their own stories, the question of who controls the infrastructure for that storytelling is not academic.

Issue 006 · June 14, 2026

Oak Flat Ruling Exposes How Far U.S. Law Falls Short of Global Standards for Protecting Native Sacred Sites

A court decision clearing the way for a foreign mining company to take land sacred to Apache and other Southwest tribes has drawn a pointed analysis from Native News Online: the U.S. remains out of step with international Indigenous rights standards, including the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, when it comes to protecting sacred sites. The Oak Flat case is not a Wisconsin story, but the legal gap it exposes is directly relevant to every Wisconsin nation that has fought to protect ceremonial and culturally significant lands from extractive industry. The source is Native News Online, which Patty has found inconsistent, but this particular piece cites specific legal comparisons worth tracking.

Issue 006 · June 14, 2026

Pentagon Quietly Removes Native American Religion as a Distinct Category for Military Chaplains, Grouping It as 'Other'

The Department of Defense reduced its list of recognized religion codes used by military chaplains from more than 200 to just 31, eliminating Native American religion as a named category and folding it into a generic 'other' designation. ICT broke this story, and it deserves to be read by anyone who has watched a Native veteran try to access ceremony in a VA facility or on a military installation. For Patty, whose grandfather Edward DeNomie served in the 32nd Red Arrow Division and whose documentary Way of the Warrior traced the ogichidaa tradition across generations, this is not an abstraction. It is a policy decision that tells Native service members their spiritual practices are not worth naming.

Issue 005 · June 7, 2026

Fourth Circuit Rules NAGPRA Applies in a Landmark Boarding School Repatriation Case

The National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition is celebrating a Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals ruling affirming that the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act applies to the case before it, a decision the coalition calls historic. The ruling matters because it extends NAGPRA's reach into contexts that institutions had argued were outside its scope, and it arrives as the Army prepares its ninth year of disinterment operations at Carlisle Barracks (candidate 233). Together these two items mark a week of real, if incremental, movement on boarding school accountability.

Issue 005 · June 7, 2026

Army Begins Its Ninth Year of Returning Native Children's Remains from Carlisle Barracks

The U.S. Army will conduct its ninth consecutive year of disinterment operations at Carlisle Barracks beginning September 1, 2026, actively working to reunite Native families with children who died at the Carlisle Indian Industrial School. The Army says it is in contact with families and nations to coordinate returns. Nine years of this work means the process is now institutionalized enough to have its own calendar, which is both a measure of progress and a measure of how many children were buried there to begin with.

Issue 004 · May 31, 2026

Fourth Circuit Rules NAGPRA Applies to Children's Remains, Clearing Path for Winnebago Tribe to Repatriate Carlisle Boys

The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit confirmed that NAGPRA applies to children's remains held by the U.S. Army at Carlisle Barracks, ruling in favor of the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska's effort to repatriate two boys who died at the school. NARF, which litigated the case, calls it a victory for every tribe whose children were buried far from home. The ruling has direct implications for Wisconsin nations — the Menominee, Ho-Chunk, Oneida, and Ojibwe bands all had children taken to federal boarding schools, and Carlisle held some of them.

Issue 002 · May 17, 2026

Winnebago Tribe Celebrates NAGPRA Victory: 'Brings Joy to the Tribe'

ICT's coverage of the Fourth Circuit NAGPRA ruling centers the Winnebago Tribe's own voice, quoting tribal members on what it means to finally have a legal path to bring their children home from Carlisle. The ruling confirms that the Army cannot hide behind procedural arguments to avoid its repatriation obligations under federal law. Pair with the NARF account above for the full picture.

Issue 001 · May 10, 2026

Wisconsin Tribes and Commercial Gambling Companies Clash Over Online Sports Betting Bill

Wisconsin's tribal nations and commercial gambling interests are at odds over a state legislative proposal to legalize online sports betting, with tribes arguing the bill would undercut the exclusivity provisions in their gaming compacts. WPR has been tracking this story, which sits at the intersection of sovereignty, economic development, and the state's long-standing compact relationships with tribal governments. The compacts were hard-won; any erosion of exclusivity has real fiscal consequences for nations whose governmental programs depend on gaming revenue.

Issue 001 · May 10, 2026

Pe' Sla Victory: Mining Company Withdraws Drilling Permit After Occupation, Lawsuit, and Community Ceremony

In a striking win for Indigenous land protection, Pete Lien and Sons formally withdrew its permit to drill for graphite near Pe' Sla, the high mountain meadow at the heart of Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota creation stories, after a week of direct action occupation, a federal temporary restraining order, and sustained legal pressure from NDN Collective and allied tribes. NDN Collective's own announcement is the primary source here, and it is worth reading in full: the organization names the specific combination of forces that produced the outcome, which is a model worth studying. The win is real, though the underlying permit framework that allowed the drilling application in the first place remains unchanged.

Issue 001 · May 10, 2026

'Alligator Alcatraz' Immigration Detention Center May Close After Miccosukee-Led Resistance in the Everglades

Native News Online reports that the controversial immigration detention facility built in the Florida Everglades, which critics dubbed 'Alligator Alcatraz,' may be shut down following sustained resistance from the Miccosukee Tribe and allied environmental and Native advocates who argued the facility threatened both the ecosystem and tribal sacred sites. The story is a useful reminder that tribal resistance to federal land use decisions takes many forms and that the Miccosukee have been among the most consistent defenders of Everglades ecology for generations.

Issue 001 · May 10, 2026

Grist: Indigenous Action Wins the Day at Pe' Sla, and the Broader Pattern It Represents

Grist's Indigenous coverage this week frames the Pe' Sla victory within the larger pattern of Indigenous-led environmental resistance, connecting the Black Hills win to a documented record of Native communities halting or delaying extractive projects. Tristan Ahtone's team at Grist has been building this beat carefully, and the framing here is consistent with the research showing that Indigenous land protection produces measurable climate outcomes. The story is worth reading alongside the NDN Collective primary source.

Issue 001 · May 10, 2026

Ihanktonwan Dakota Elder Faith Spotted Eagle to Receive Honorary Doctorate from South Dakota State University

Native Sun News Today reports that Faith Spotted Eagle, one of the most respected culture carriers in the Oceti Sakowin and a longtime leader in the movement against the Dakota Access and Keystone XL pipelines, will receive an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters from South Dakota State University at its 140th commencement. The recognition is overdue and meaningful. Spotted Eagle has spent decades doing the patient, unglamorous work of cultural transmission and political resistance that honorary degrees are supposed to honor.

Issue 001 · May 10, 2026

ICT: Mining Company Pulls Out of Pe' Sla After Indigenous Occupation Forces the Question

ICT's account of the Pe' Sla victory is the single best long read of the week, not because it is the longest piece but because it synthesizes the full arc of the fight: the U.S. Forest Service permit issued over tribal objections, the NDN Collective lawsuit alleging NEPA and Religious Freedom Restoration Act violations, the direct-action occupation of the site, the federal temporary restraining order, and finally the withdrawal of the permit by Pete Lien and Sons. ICT names the specific combination of legal, ceremonial, and physical presence that produced the outcome, and it does so with the kind of sourcing that privileges tribal voices over agency statements. Read this alongside the NDN Collective primary release (candidate 7) and the Native Sun News coverage (candidate 132) for the full picture. The story matters beyond its immediate facts: it is a working model of how Indigenous communities can use multiple pressure points simultaneously, and it arrives in a week when Bad River is doing exactly that on Line 5.

Background · 2025 · beloit-daily-news

Ho-Chunk Beloit Casino Opens September 2026, Wisconsin's Second-Largest

After a 1992 federal designation and decades of compact negotiation, the Ho-Chunk Nation's $705 million Beloit casino and conference center is scheduled to open September 2026 on the southeast corner of Willowbrook and Colley roads. The 240,000-square-foot gaming floor will hold 1,500 machines and the hotel will start at 200 rooms. The state compact directs 5 percent of gross gaming revenue to Wisconsin, 1.4 percent to Beloit, and 0.6 percent to Rock County.

Background · 2023 · madison365

Ho-Chunk Voters Return Jon Greendeer to the Presidency in 2023

Jon 'White Feather' Greendeer was first elected President of the Ho-Chunk Nation in 2011. In 2023 the Ho-Chunk general electorate returned him to office, this time as a write-in candidate who took 26.1 percent of the primary vote, ousting incumbent Marlon WhiteEagle whose pandemic-era term was marked by gaming shutdowns and budget battles. Greendeer's renewed agenda has centered on the Food is Our Medicine campaign and the Beloit casino build.

Background · 2023 · WPR Native American coverage

Hoocąk Speakers Fall Below Forty as Nation Builds New Digital Tools

Ho-Chunk tribal leaders now estimate fewer than 40 native Hoocąk speakers remain. The Hoocąk Academy, a Language Apprentice Program training new teachers, the EeCoonį early childhood program, and the Hoocąk Woiperes e-learning platform run out of Black River Falls, anchored by elders and teenagers recording about 1,000 phrases for the app. Hoocąk has been taught in Baraboo, Black River Falls, Tomah, Wisconsin Dells, and Wisconsin Rapids high schools since 2001.

Background · 2023 · project-muse

Stephen Kantrowitz's 'Citizens of a Stolen Land' Centers Ho-Chunk Resistance

Stephen Kantrowitz's 2023 book Citizens of a Stolen Land: A Ho-Chunk History of the Nineteenth-Century United States rewrites the Ho-Chunk into the foreground of the removal-era story Patty's chapter sketches. The book tracks the Wisconsin remnant's refusal to relocate, the splitting of the tribe between Wisconsin and Nebraska, and the legal and political mechanics by which the United States manufactured the Ho-Chunk's invisibility. It is the most significant new scholarship on the Ho-Chunk since Patty's first edition.

Background · 2022 · hochunk-renaissance

Ho-Chunk Wisconsin and Winnebago of Nebraska Continue a Two-Nation Reconnection

More than 150 years after the 1837 treaty split the tribe into a Nebraska-removed faction and a Wisconsin remnant, the Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin and the Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska continue a long arc of cultural reconnection. Joint language work between Wisconsin's Hocąk Wazija Haci and the Nebraska-based HoChunk Renaissance has produced shared curriculum and elder recordings, and members of both nations gather across the Missouri River for ceremonial and ceremonial seasons their ancestors traveled by night under cover of darkness.

Background · 2020 · wisconsin-academy

Bill Quackenbush Becomes the Public Face of Ho-Chunk Mound Stewardship

William Nąąwącekǧize Quackenbush (Deer Clan) serves as the Ho-Chunk Nation's Tribal Historic Preservation Officer and Cultural Resources Division Manager. He has guided interpretation at Effigy Mounds National Monument including the Sny Magill Mound Group and Kingsley Bend, taught mound stewardship through the Wisconsin Academy and the Wisconsin Archeological Society, and is the most consulted Indigenous voice on Wisconsin mound projects.

Background · 2019 · city-of-madison

Madison Adopts a Burial Mounds Policy in Partnership with the Ho-Chunk Nation

In October 2019 the Madison Board of Park Commissioners approved the city's first Burial Mounds Policy, developed with the Ho-Chunk Nation and the Wisconsin Historical Society. The policy governs management of mound groups on city land including the Forest Hill Cemetery group, seven precontact effigy mounds dating from 700 to 1200 CE that are listed on the National Register and the City of Madison's landmarks register. The policy sets the template Bill Quackenbush has built on across Dane County since.

Background · 2016 · in-these-times

Ho-Chunk General Council Votes to Add Rights of Nature to Constitution

In 2015 the Ho-Chunk Nation's General Council adopted a resolution to amend the tribal constitution to recognize the rights of nature, becoming the first U.S. tribal nation to take that step. By 2020 a working group was integrating the resolution into the constitution, laws, regulations, and tribal processes. The General Council is the fourth branch of Ho-Chunk government, the body in which all enrolled members vote directly.

Background · 2016 · nps

Effigy Mounds National Monument's Reckoning Resets Tribal Consultation

In July 2016, longtime Effigy Mounds superintendent Thomas Munson was sentenced for the 1990 theft of bones of 41 Native Americans from the monument's collection, a theft he carried out to evade NAGPRA. A 2015 Park Service report also found that Superintendent Phyllis Ewing oversaw more than $3 million in illegal construction that desecrated archaeological resources during her 1999-2009 tenure. The reckoning reset NPS tribal consultation across the Upper Midwest and brought the Ho-Chunk, Iowa, and Upper Sioux into active co-stewardship at the site.

Background · 2014 · wisconsin-academy

Patty Loew Builds the Wisconsin Indigenous Bookshelf Across the Decade Between Editions

Patty followed Indian Nations of Wisconsin with Native People of Wisconsin (2003), a social studies text for younger readers, and Seventh Generation Earth Ethics (2014), profiles of twelve Indigenous Wisconsin stewards including Joe Rose, Dot Davids, and Walter Bresette, which won the Midwest Book Award for Culture. Her PBS documentary Way of the Warrior aired nationally in 2007 and 2011, drawing on her grandfather Edward DeNomie's WWI service with the 32nd Red Arrow Division. The decade between INW editions produced the body of work the third edition now sits alongside.

Background · 2025 · poynter

Mary Annette Pember Publishes 'Medicine River' on Indian Boarding Schools

On April 22, 2025, Mary Annette Pember of Red Cliff released Medicine River with Pantheon, weaving her mother Bernice Rabideaux's experience as a five-year-old at St. Mary's Catholic Indian Boarding School in Odanah with archival research on the federal boarding school system. St. Mary's operated on the Bad River reservation from 1883 to 1969 under the Franciscan Sisters of Perpetual Adoration, who have since begun a Truth and Healing process that included a repatriation ceremony with the Bad River Tribe.

Background · 2021 · history-com

The 1956 Indian Relocation Act Still Shapes Urban Native Wisconsin Seventy Years Later

Public Law 959, signed in August 1956, pushed thousands of reservation-rooted Native people to Milwaukee, Chicago, Minneapolis, and other Midwestern cities under federal vocational training and job-placement programs. The relocation program ran through the 1970s and is the proximate cause of Milwaukee's urban Native population growth, the founding of the Indian Council of the Elderly, and ultimately the AIM takeover that birthed the Indian Community School. The federal Indian Boarding School Initiative under Secretary Deb Haaland (2021-) has named relocation as a kindred coercive policy in its forthcoming report; urban Indian families today carry both legacies in the same generations.

Background · 2020 · lco-tribe

Edward 'Bawdwaywidun Banaisee' Benton-Banai Walks On at 89

Edward Benton-Banai walked on November 30, 2020, at age 89 in Hayward, Wisconsin. A Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe of the Fish Clan, Grand Chief of the Three Fires Midewiwin Lodge since 1986, and a co-founder of the American Indian Movement, he wrote The Mishomis Book in 1979 from the Teachings of the Seven Grandfathers. The book remains the most widely used Anishinaabe primer in North America.

Background · 2024 · northwestern-history

Doug Kiel Publishes 'Unsettling Territory' on Oneida Resurgence

Doug Kiel (Oneida Nation, Northwestern University) is the author of Unsettling Territory: The Resurgence of the Oneida Nation in the Face of Settler Backlash, published by Yale University Press. He co-curated the Field Museum's permanent Native Truths: Our Voices, Our Stories exhibit (2022) and the Newberry Library's Indigenous Chicago (2024-2025), and has served as expert witness in federal appeals over Oneida land rights. His work is the contemporary scholarly companion to Patty's chapter.

Background · 2024 · stockbridge-updates

Shannon Holsey Leads Stockbridge-Munsee Across Multiple Terms

Shannon Holsey has served multiple terms as Tribal President of the Stockbridge-Munsee Community. Her tenure has spanned a long compact dispute with the State of Wisconsin over revenue payments and the Ho-Chunk Beloit casino proposal, a 2019 federal court loss on the rival casino challenge, and ongoing leadership at the National Congress of American Indians, where she has served as a vice president.

Background · 2023 · tribal-college-journal

Menominee Mark 50th Anniversary of Restoration Act

On December 22, 2023, the Menominee Indian Tribe marked 50 years since President Richard Nixon signed the Menominee Restoration Act, reversing the 1961 termination that had stripped federal recognition, dissolved the reservation into Menominee County, and pushed the people into poverty. The restoration was won by DRUMS, the Determination of Rights and Unity for Menominee Stockholders, founded by Jim White and Ada Deer. The College of Menominee Nation marked the date with a year of programming.

Background · 2023 · potawatomi-trail-of-death-association

Trail of Death Commemorative Caravan Continues Across Four States Every Five Years

The Potawatomi Trail of Death of 1838, the forced removal of 859 Potawatomi from Indiana to Kansas during which more than 40 people, mostly children, died, has been commemorated by a Potawatomi-led caravan retracing the 660-mile route every five years since 1988. Eighty historical markers placed by Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, 4-H clubs, and Potawatomi families now mark campsites every 15 to 20 miles across 26 counties in Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and Kansas. Wisconsin Potawatomi descendants participate annually.

Background · 2023 · Wisconsin Examiner

Ada Deer Walks On at 88

Ada Elizabeth Deer of the Menominee Indian Tribe died August 15, 2023, in Fitchburg, Wisconsin, at age 88. The first Menominee to graduate from the University of Wisconsin-Madison (1957), the first Native American to earn a Master's in social work from Columbia, the first woman to chair the Menominee tribe after restoration, and the first woman to head the Bureau of Indian Affairs (1993-1997), Deer was the throughline of every Menominee chapter the third edition would build on.

Background · 2023 · oneida-nation

Tehassi Hill Enters Third Term as Oneida Nation Chairman

Tehassi Hill has served as chairman of the Oneida Nation since August 2017 and is now in his third three-year term. He represents the nation on the Great Lakes Inter-Tribal Council board, sits on Wisconsin's Natural Resources Damage Trustee Council, and is the nation's designee to the EPA's Regional Tribal Operating Committee. His leadership has centered on land buy-back, health care, and natural resources protection.

Background · 2023 · wisconsin-state-farmer

Bodwéwadmi Ktëgan Farm Anchors Forest County Potawatomi Food Sovereignty

Bodwéwadmi Ktëgan, the 126-acre Forest County Potawatomi farm near Laona, was established in 2017 to produce a natural and sustainable source of vegetables, fruits, greens, fish, and animal proteins for tribal members. The operation includes aquaponic greenhouses by Ceres (with a second expanded greenhouse online in August 2025) as well as cattle, chicken, tilapia, bison, honey, and maple syrup, all produced without chemical fertilizer or pesticides. A $200,000 USDA grant supports food-box distribution to tribal members beyond elders.

Background · 2023 · pbs-wisconsin

Oneida Land Buy-Back Reaches a Restoration Threshold

After more than three decades of treaty-driven land reacquisition, the Oneida Nation now controls a working portfolio that includes Tsyunhehkwa farm, the Oneida Apple Orchard with roughly 4,500 trees, a bison and Black Angus operation, and restored prairie and wetland sites where poor cropland once stood. Chairman Tehassi Hill has framed the buy-back as a generational obligation: restoring not just acreage but ecosystem function.

Background · 2023 · new-england-public-media

Town of Stockbridge Returns 18th-Century Mohican Documents Home

In January 2023 a new Massachusetts law authorized the town of Stockbridge to transfer eighteenth-century documents to the Stockbridge-Munsee Mohicans of Wisconsin, including a 1780 document signed by tribal leaders describing the tribe's efforts to regain control of land distribution. The transfer joined an ongoing repatriation of objects from the Berkshire Museum and other Massachusetts institutions and built on Rose Miron's scholarship of the Stockbridge-Munsee Mohican Nation Historical Committee's decades of archival activism.

Background · 2022 · earthjustice

Anaem Omot Menominee Cultural Landscape Nominated to the National Register

In June 2022, the Michigan State Historic Preservation Review Board voted unanimously to support the nomination of Anaem Omot, the Menominee cultural landscape bisected by the Menominee River between Wisconsin and Michigan, to the National Register of Historic Places. The district includes burial mounds, garden beds, and dance rings. The vote followed years of advocacy by Menominee historians, scientists, and tribal leaders, and arrived alongside the tribe's defeat of the Back Forty open-pit mine on the same river.

Background · 2022 · oneida-nation

Oneida Restoration Project Returns 300+ Acres of Wetland and Prairie

Across the past decade the Oneida Nation has restored more than 300 acres of wetlands along Duck Creek, established 30 miles of stream buffers, restored 4,000 feet of ditched stream channels, restored 17 miles of stream passage, and created over 500 acres of new forest. The Prairie Valley project, started in 1995 on land that once produced corn, now hosts 67 species of native grasses and flowers. Trout Creek headwaters work since 2018 has restored another 400 acres of prairie, wetland, and forest.

Background · 2021 · wuwm

McKinley Coast Guard Station Takeover Marks 50 Years as Milwaukee's Urban Indian Founding Moment

On August 14, 1971, Milwaukee AIM activists Herb Powless (Oneida) and Jerome Starr (Ojibwe) occupied the abandoned McKinley Coast Guard Station on Milwaukee's lakefront, citing the 1868 Treaty of Fort Laramie's provision that abandoned federal property reverts to original inhabitants. The takeover led to the city and BIA handing over the building for use as the original Indian Community School. WUWM, Shepherd Express, and TMJ4 all marked the 50th anniversary in August 2021. The story is the founding myth of urban Indian Milwaukee and a reminder that 'land back' has Wisconsin precedent.

Background · 2021 · earthjustice

Menominee Defeat Back Forty Mine on the Menominee River

The Menominee Nation's seven-year legal and political fight against the Back Forty open-pit mine along the Menominee River produced a decisive 2021 ruling. Aquila Resources withdrew its Michigan wetlands permits after the tribe's challenge and a court ruled the project would have a probable negative effect on Menominee sacred sites. In December 2021, Aquila was absorbed by Gold Resource Corp; Chairman Ronald Corn Sr. responded that the merger did not change the tribe's opposition.

Background · 2020 · oneida-nation

Tsyunhehkwa and the Oneida Foodways Revival

Tsyunhehkwa, which translates as Life Sustenance, has grown into the Oneida Nation's flagship sustainable agriculture program. The 80-acre farm near Hobart, directed by Jeff Metoxen, grows white corn and other organic crops, raises grass-fed beef, and serves as an educational model rather than a commercial operation. The nation also runs the Oneida Apple Orchard and a bison and Black Angus operation on land it has bought back.

Background · 2019 · oneida-nation

Oneida Women From Wisconsin, New York, and Canada Reconnect Across Borders

In July 2019, Oneida women from the three communities divided by international borders since the 1830s removal received a 30-acre gift of land from a Quaker ally within their traditional homelands in Clinton, New York. As Oneida Wolf Clan Faithkeeper Diane Schenandoah said, reuniting all Oneida on their ancestral homelands was always the original intent of the land claims case. The gift formalized a cross-border reunion that has grown through clan-mother work across two centuries.

Background · 2017 · wikipedia

Cristina Danforth Shaped Oneida Self-Governance Across Two Decades

Cristina Danforth (Oneida name Kwahlak^ni) served on the Oneida Business Committee for twenty years across roles as Councilwoman, Treasurer, Vice Chairwoman, and Chairwoman, the last role twice. As treasurer she led the balanced budgets and self-funded gaming expansion that transformed the nation's finances. She negotiated gaming compacts for the United Tribes of Wisconsin, the Oneida Compacts, and the New York Land Claims, served as president of the Midwest Alliance of Sovereign Tribes, and preceded Tehassi Hill as chair.

Background · 2016 · Indianz.com

Menominee Women Take All Three Top Tribal Legislative Posts

In 2016 the Menominee Tribal Legislature elected an executive council of women in all three top posts, with Joan Delabreau as chair. Delabreau has served as chairwoman of the Menominee Tribal Legislature four times across the post-Ada Deer generation. Gary Besaw and Ronald Corn Sr. have also held the chair since restoration.

Background · 2010 · Native American Rights Fund

Stockbridge-Munsee Settle 23,000-Acre New York Land Claim for 332 Acres in the Catskills

In 2010 the State of New York and the Stockbridge-Munsee Community settled the tribe's land claim by transferring 330 acres in Sullivan County in the Catskills plus 2 acres in Madison County, in exchange for the tribe's release of its larger 23,000-acre claim near Syracuse. New York granted the tribe rights to develop a Catskills casino, which the tribe withdrew in June 2014 amid competition from Orange County developers. The Sullivan County land remains in the tribe's ancestral Munsee homeland.